Difference Between Piston and Gear Pumps

Two of the more common types of hydraulic pumps are piston pumps and gear pumps. Different pump types accommodate a wide range of applications, from industrial die presses to heavy-duty off road equipment. Since hydraulic systems can vary greatly from another, choosing the best pump is essential to ensure optimal performance.

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What Is a Hydraulic Piston Pump(vi,ar,de)?

A hydraulic piston pump is a positive displacement pump that uses pistons to transfer hydraulic fluid under pressure. The pistons move in and out of the cylinder, creating pressure that forces the fluid through a discharge port. Hydraulic piston pumps are commonly used to power construction machinery, such as excavators, bulldozers, and industrial equipment, including presses, mixers, and other machinery.

There are many different models that can displace a specific amount of fluid, ranging from 4,000 psi up to 14,500 psi. Some allow you to adjust the displacement per revolution, which can make them more energy efficient. However, piston pumps are relatively complex in design and expensive, but practical in energy-efficient applications that require higher pressures and effective oil flow control.

What Is a Hydraulic Gear Pump?

A hydraulic gear pump is also a positive displacement pump that uses gears to transfer fluid under pressure. The gears rotate in opposite directions, creating pressure that forces the fluid through a discharge port. Hydraulic gear pumps are commonly used in applications where consistent performance is required and low pressures are suitable.

A hydraulic gear pump is a lower-cost option and is quite durable, with many options available. The typical pressure rating is about 3,000 psi, but many displacement sizes and pressures can be found. Some gear pumps are rated as high as 4,500 psi, although additional valves will be needed in systems that require regular flow adjustments.

Key Differences

The key differences between a hydraulic piston pump and a hydraulic gear pump are the type of mechanism used to move the fluid (pistons vs. gears) and their respective output characteristics. Hydraulic piston pumps have higher flow rates and more rapid cycling capabilities. On the other hand, hydraulic gear pumps offer smoother operation at lower RPMs than piston pumps.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Piston Pumps

Piston pumps offer the highest pressures to perform a wide range of operations. In addition, they can vary fluid displacement much more efficiently than gear pumps. However, the disadvantage of piston pumps is they are more expensive. Yet, the increased cost is offset by improved efficiency. 

Advantages and Disadvantages of Gear Pumps

On the other hand, gear pumps are considered very reliable and long-lasting due to their simplistic design. Additionally, they require less maintenance and cost less compared to piston pumps. However, they may not operate at high enough pressures for every application and do not offer variable displacement pumping.

Choosing the Right Pump for You

Choosing the right pump is essential to ensure your hydraulic system operates correctly. When you need our advice, White House Products, Ltd. is here to help. We are happy to recommend the perfect pump to suit your needs.

Additionally, we offer access to an extensive inventory of hydraulic pumps, motors, and related parts. Contact us at +44 (0) for more information.

Hydraulic Piston Pumps Versus Hydraulic Gear Pumps

The type of hydraulic pump you need depends on a variety of factors, including, but not limited to, the type of hydraulic fluid used in your machinery, operating pressure, application speed, and flow rate requirements. 

Two of the most common pumps used in hydraulic equipment are piston pumps and gear pumps. This article will highlight everything you need to know about each pump, including its common uses and benefits.

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Hydraulic Piston Pump

A piston pump is a positive displacement pump that uses reciprocating motion to create rotation along an axis. Some piston pumps have variable displacement, while others have a fixed displacement design.

Advantages & Uses

A hydraulic piston pump is capable of the highest pressure ratings and is commonly used to power heavy-duty lifts, presses, shovels, and other components.

Piston-style pumps also have complex internal components that often allow them to vary the displacement per revolution. 

The downside of piston pumps is that they are often more expensive (especially when compared to gear pumps). Still, their improved efficiency often makes them a better investment for long-term production. 

Hydraulic Gear Pumps

Gear pumps use gears or cogs to transfer fluids. The cogs are tightly aligned to create suction as they draw liquid in and discharge it. The gears can be internal or external, depending on the application. Gear pumps are also positive displacement pumps, but they are always fixed displacement, so you would need separate pumps or valves to control the amount of displacement.

Advantages & Uses

Gear pumps are known for being reliable and durable when they are well-maintained. Compared to piston pumps, they also don’t require as much maintenance and are typically more affordable. However, these pumps usually max out at PSI. While this is enough pressure to power some machinery, it may not have the power to operate large presses and other industrial equipment. A gear-style pump also lacks the ability to vary the displacement of your system.

Gear pumps are often used in low-pressure applications where dispensing high-viscosity liquids is required. They are typically used in the food and beverage, pulp and paper, and oil/chemical industries. 

Key Differences Between Hydraulic Piston Pumps & Gear Pumps

The primary difference between a gear pump and a piston pump is how they are designed. While both pumps need hydraulic fluid to generate mechanical power, a piston pump uses a piston to move liquid throughout the pump valves, while a gear pump uses cogs to move fluid throughout the pump.

Do You Need a Piston Pump or a Gear Pump?

As previously mentioned, your application requirements will largely determine what type of pump you need. 

Gear pumps are affordable for low-pressure applications (35 to 200 bar or 507 to PSI), while piston pumps are more efficient options for high-pressure applications. A piston pump is also a better option if you’re looking for a pump with a higher discharge rate. Lastly, a piston pump will provide the most efficiency if your application is high-speed.

Purchase Replacement Pumps From Panagon Systems

Founded over 25 years ago. Panagon Systems specializes in manufacturing cost-efficient obsolete or discontinued piston pumps, motors, and replacement components from brands like Vickers/Eaton, Caterpillar, and Rexroth. All pumps we manufacture are made in-house in the United States and are guaranteed to meet OEM specifications.

If you’re looking for cost-effective and timely pump replacement options, you’re looking for us. Contact us today for help in selecting the right pump for your application, or to request a product quote.