The Advantages and Disadvantages of Pressure Control ...
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Found in every hydraulic system, a pressure control valve assists in different functions like keeping the system pressure below a desired upper limit safely or maintaining a part of a circuit in a set pressure. The use of the control valve is to control the flow of the fluid by changing its size or its course depending on the signal from the controller. It is in controlling the rate of flow directly and helps regulate the level or flow of the liquid, pressure, and the temperature. It is also called, in automatic control terminology, the final control element.
Simply think that it is used to control the temperature, pressure, flow, and liquid level by closing it or opening it partially based on the received signals by the controllers. A pressure control valve regulating the opening and closing of the control valve is the pneumatic, hydraulic, and electric actuators while the one controlling the opening and closing of these actuators is the positioners.
The Working Process
The process plant comprises many loops for control to deliver product quality. These control loops already have their set temperature, pressure, and flow for the maintenance of the required operating range. The sensors and transmitters measure the internal disturbances in each control loop. The controllers will then decide what should be done to correct these disturbances based on the collected information.
A controlling element comes into play after the collected data have been analysed, measured, and compared. This is the moment when the control valve becomes essential to reduce disturbances. Think about the principle around manipulating flowing fluids such as chemical compounds, gas, or water to ensure that load disturbance is minimised and that the process variable is regulated to the closest value of the desired setpoint.
Categorization of Values: Advantages and Disadvantages
Valves can be classified as rotary or linear types, based on the stem movement. They can also be categorized according to the types of services they provide.
ON-OFF Services include Gate, Diaphragm Ball, Plug, and Butterfly valves, while THROTTLING Services comprise Globe, Diaphragm, Butterfly, and Pinch valves. Ensure to check the valves for NON-REVERSE FLOW.
Gate Valves
The Gate valve is composed of a flat barrier that adjusts the area of flow. It's excellent for controlling pressure and high-temperature liquid flows and even supports on-off applications. The design is valuable for automatic emergency shut-off valves and for manually operated valves.
The advantages of the gate valve include effective closure features, and it can be used in either direction within the circuit. Pressure loss is minimal as it offers a laminar flow, which refers to fluid movement in parallel layers without disruption.
However, the disadvantages of this valve involve slow opening and closing, requiring a large space for assembly, operation, and maintenance. It can also be prone to leaking when operated at high temperatures due to periodic fluctuations. Additionally, the pressure control valve can create vibrations.
Globe Valves
The globe pressure control valves are shaped like a globe and are used primarily for throttling. These valves feature a stem that adjusts in an up-and-down motion to change the plug's position. It also has a short stem that produces a significant pressure drop while maintaining high flow controllability.
The advantages of globe valves include good throttling and closing features. They also open and close faster than gate valves and can function as stop-check valves.
On the downside, a larger torque actuator is required to close them under high pressure, and they generally have a higher pressure loss compared to gate valves.
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Plug Valves
Plug valves consist of a cover, body, and plug, designed for on-off services in industries like chemicals, petrochemicals, and refineries. They are compact and require less headroom, provide low-pressure drops, tight shut-offs, and quick openings.
One significant advantage is their simple design with few parts, allowing for easy maintenance and repair in place. They offer quick operation with a leak-proof feature.
The disadvantages include rapid movement that generates high friction, requiring significant force. Additionally, they may be more expensive than ball valves.
Ball Valves
This valve type is utilized to regulate the flow of corrosive fluids and control pressure.
Advantages include their compact size compared to gate valves, leak-proof services, and lightweight design. They are reliable under high-pressure and high-temperature operations.
However, ball valves might not serve as a permanent throttling solution and can potentially lead to abrasion and leakage due to fluid collisions that stick to the base.
Diaphragm Valves
These valves are ideal for corrosive fluids under low temperature and pressure conditions. The flow resistance is altered by deforming one surface through force from the valve stem.
Advantages include isolation of working parts from process fluids, ease of maintenance, and operation for both opening/closing and throttling. They provide excellent resistance against chemicals, radioactive fluids, and other heavy substances.
However, their operating temperature is limited by the diaphragm's material.
Understanding the advantages and disadvantages of pressure control valves is crucial for your industrial plants. Choosing the appropriate type of valve can significantly reduce concerns and issues during operation.
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