How do I keep my Li Po battery healthy?

Maintaining the Health of Your Lithium Polymer Batteries

Editorial: Danae

Sunplus provides dedicated and reliable service.

Issue Date: 06-15

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In this edition, we will explore the intricacies of Lithium Polymer batteries and the importance of proper maintenance to ensure their longevity. These batteries can be relatively short-lived if mishandled, but with a few simple practices, you can maximize their lifespan, saving both time and money.

Optimal Charging Timing

The primary hurdle in maintaining Lithium Polymer batteries is understanding the right time to charge them. Typically, these batteries will handle between 300 to 500 charge cycles, from fully charged to completely drained and back again.

To extend this lifespan, it's beneficial to charge your battery before it is completely drained. Unlike nickel-cadmium batteries, Lithium Polymer batteries do not have a memory effect. Thus, you can charge them at any time, ideally before they reach 20% of their capacity. Whether it's your phone or laptop, charge whenever you can, rather than waiting for the battery to die completely.

Temperature Sensitivity

Pay attention to the temperature conditions when charging your batteries. It's advisable not to charge them if the temperature is below 10°C/50°F as this diminishes their efficiency. Conversely, high temperatures can also negatively impact charging; be sure to allow batteries to cool down before charging. Proper storage practices are equally essential. Many issues arise from incorrect storage after use. Although it may be tempting to keep your battery at full charge for immediate future use, overcharging and lack of a Battery Management System (BMS) can lead to serious complications.

Best Practices for Storage

Fortunately, many Lithium Polymer chargers come equipped with a storage mode. This feature ensures the battery retains an optimal charge for storage. When stored for an extended duration, ensure your batteries are not fully charged, as this may cause them to expand and become unusable. In storage mode, these batteries generally lose less than 1% charge each month, so discharging them excessively is unlikely unless stored for prolonged periods. Nevertheless, be cautious, as Lithium Polymers should not remain at very low voltages, which can lead to damage. For additional information on proper storage practices, refer to our earlier video titled Storing Your Lithium Polymer Batteries.

Proper Handling of LiPo Batteries

Despite their advancements in safety, LiPo batteries can still be risky if not treated with care.

For years, lithium polymer batteries (LiPos) have been associated with hazards, such as fires due to drops or punctures that lead to internal shorts. Even seasoned RC enthusiasts have faced incidents. Thankfully, innovations such as DJI Intelligent Flight Batteries have introduced features like real-time battery monitoring, overcharge and over-discharge protection, and low-temperature safeguards.

Related read: 15 things every LiPo battery user should know

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To minimize the risks associated with LiPo batteries, adhere to the following care guidelines:

Storage Recommendations for LiPo Batteries

• Avoid Loose Connections: Never allow batteries to come into contact when storing them to prevent potential short-circuits.
• Store in Appropriate Conditions: Keep batteries in a cool, dark place, away from extreme temperatures and sunlight, ideally between -10° and 45°. For long-term storage (over three months), maintain conditions of about 23±5°C and humidity levels around 65±20%RH, aiming for a cell voltage between 3.6V and 3.9V.
• Disconnect and Secure: Always disconnect batteries when not in use and store them in non-conductive, fireproof containers.
• Handle with Care: Avoid altering, puncturing, or applying pressure on batteries and their parts.

Opt for an explosion-proof LiPo bag or an ammo can for safe storage, both of which are usually affordable options.

For transport, use fireproof pouches or dedicated fireproof storage bags for multiple batteries, available for under $20.

LiPo Battery Charging Guide

The paramount rule for charging LiPo batteries is never to leave them unattended during the process. Additionally, consider the following tips to ensure safety and extend battery life:

Pre-Charging Steps

• The principal suggestion: Read the manual!
• Check the battery voltage prior to each charging session to confirm it meets the minimum safe levels; batteries below recommended voltage should not be charged.
• Inspect the battery for any signs of damage before charging. Be vigilant about the packaging, wires, and connectors to ensure they are intact.

Charging Protocols

• Only use chargers specifically designed for lithium polymer or lithium-ion batteries. Avoid other types such as NIMH/NICD/LIFEPO4/LEAD ACID chargers. If your charger supports multiple battery types, ensure the Lithium polymer (LiPo) mode is selected.
• Charge batteries in a well-ventilated area, away from flammable materials.
• Never charge batteries while installed in a drone.
• Avoid charging below freezing (0°C, 32°F) or above 100°F.
• Do not exceed the maximum charging rate of 1C.
• Never overcharge batteries over their maximum rated voltage (4.2V per cell for LiPo).
• Using a LiPo safety bag during charging is highly recommended; cease charging once the battery is fully charged.

Discharging LiPo Batteries Safely

• Ensure discharging does not exceed the amperage rates indicated on the label.
• Monitor battery temperatures; they should not go beyond 140°F while discharging.
• Never discharge below 3V per cell under load; for most drone batteries, the cutoff voltage should be at least 3.5V.
• Dispose of batteries safely for at least an hour after discharge to prevent accidental ignition from exposure to air.

If all these safety measures sound overwhelming, don't fret. Balance chargers and discharge units simplify maintaining your batteries’ charge levels, usually available for under $50 (ensure compatibility with your batteries).

DJI customers can also benefit from high-quality DJI charging hubs (checking compatibility before purchase) to streamline their charging process.

Essential LiPo Battery Safety Practices

Finally, some overarching safety tips to keep in mind:

Interacting with LiPo Batteries

• Avoid striking batteries with sharp objects.
• Don't open or deform battery cells.
• Do not drop, hit, or excessively bend the batteries.

Disposing of LiPo Batteries

• Refrain from disassembling cells, as this can cause shorts and potential hazards.
• Never incinerate or dispose of batteries in fire; these actions can lead to dangerous reactions. Additionally, avoid soaking batteries with any liquid.

When the time comes to dispose of old batteries, follow appropriate disposal procedures.

Transporting LiPo Batteries

While you can pass through TSA security with drones, regulations on batteries differ. Spare lithium-ion and lithium metal batteries, like those used in drones, should only be carried in carry-on luggage, never in checked baggage.

Limits on watt hours mean travelers are restricted to batteries rated at or below 100 watt hours (Wh). Check your drone's user manual for specifics. If exceeding this limit, seek airline approval as travelers are only permitted two batteries rated above 100 Wh.

When flying with LiPo batteries, consider using a fireproof LiPo battery storage bag for added safety.

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