Sump Pump Backup System Buying Guide - Consumer Reports

Battery-powered backup pumps are the most common backup system, designed to take over when your main pump loses power or stops functioning. These systems typically use a 12-volt deep-cycle battery—the same type used in some trolling boats or golf carts—with costs ranging from $100 to $300 or more. The battery’s capacity, measured in amp-hours (Ah), indicates how long it can power the pump. A battery with 75Ah to 120Ah will allow several hours of intermittent pumping, which can often stretch over several days during an extended blackout. Most models can move 800 to 2,000 gallons per hour (gph) from your sump pit, with higher-gph models better suited for homes prone to significant water influx during storms.

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How they work: Battery-powered systems use a float switch to activate the pump when the water level in the sump pit rises. Drawing power from the battery, the pump discharges the water through the same discharge pipe used by your primary sump pump. 

Battery life: A fully charged deep-cycle battery typically provides 7 to 8 hours of active pumping time, which roughly translates to several days’ worth of intermittent pumping during a sustained blackout. 

Pros
● They generally cost less than combo or water-powered units. 

● They can operate for several days on a charge, providing effective coverage for most outages.

● They’re relatively easy to install for DIYers with basic plumbing knowledge. A contractor can install one in 2 to 4 hours. 

● Higher-amp-hour batteries can provide longer run time if necessary.

Cons
● Batteries need to be maintained, checked regularly, and typically replaced every five to seven years.

● Run time is limited, so if a blackout lasts longer than a few days, your home may be vulnerable. 

● They might not fit. These systems share a pit with your primary pump, so you’ll need to make sure that there’s enough room for both units.

It might sound counterintuitive, but when your basement is threatened by rising water levels, one solution is to throw more water at the problem. Water-powered backup pumps use the pressure from your home’s municipal water supply to create suction that removes water from the sump pit. Because they aren’t powered by electricity, these systems have unlimited run time: As long as you have enough water pressure, they can bail you out. But they’re not an option for homeowners using well water, and they come with a few quirks and installation requirements.

How they work: Similar to a battery-powered unit, a float switch activates the pump when water levels in your sump pit rise. The system uses the force of pressurized municipal water flowing through your pipes to create suction, pulling water out of the sump pit and discharging it away from your home. Generally, a water-powered pump will remove 1 gallon of sump water for every 2 gallons of municipal water used. It’s not the most efficient trade-off, but when your basement is at risk of flooding, you’ll be glad for the extra help. Your water bill may be affected, too. To prevent backflow and protect your potable water supply, most water-powered backup pumps come with an integrated backflow prevention valve. Local codes may require an additional device to meet safety standards. 

Pros 
● They have unlimited run time. As long as your home has municipal water pressure, these systems can run intermittently, making them a reliable option for extended emergencies.

● Water-powered pumps are generally lower-maintenance than battery-operated units because they have fewer components to maintain (no batteries to charge or replace).

● Water-powered pumps are typically mounted above the sump pit on a rafter or on a wall, so space isn’t a concern if you have a small sump pit.

Cons
● You need to have municipal water service to create the suction needed for these units to work. If you’re on well water, these are a no-go.

● Installation can be more complex and pricier than for battery-powered units. For most, connecting a water-powered pump to your home’s plumbing will require professional installation, often involving modifications to your water supply lines, adding to the cost.

● They’re generally not as powerful as electric systems. Water-powered pumps generally have lower pumping rates than their battery-powered counterparts, and they may struggle to keep up during very heavy rainfall or in high-volume flooding.

● Their reliance on water usage can be a concern in drought-prone areas or regions with water conservation measures in place. Check to make sure these are legal in your municipality. 

● These systems require close proximity to your sump pit and your home’s water supply. If your water supply lines aren’t nearby, installation could be difficult or even unfeasible without significant replumbing.

Combo units offer an all-in-one solution by combining a primary electric sump pump with a battery-powered backup in a single streamlined system. These pumps automatically switch between the main and backup systems, ensuring that your basement stays dry during power outages or when the primary pump fails. By using the same discharge line for both pumps, combo units simplify installation. They’re especially relevant if you’re already looking to replace an aging or malfunctioning primary pump since you’ll be shopping for—and installing—only one unit.

How they work: Combo units consist of a standard electric sump pump for regular operation and a backup pump that kicks in only when needed. If the main pump malfunctions or power goes out, the backup system is activated, driven by a float switch that monitors rising water levels. Like the two other types, most combo systems have an alarm to tell you when the backup pump is running (or, for battery units, when maintenance is required). 

Pros 
● Installation is simpler. With both pumps using the same discharge line, installation is more straightforward, reducing the need for extensive plumbing work.

● You’ll shop (and install) only once. If you need to replace your primary pump, a combo unit allows you to deal with a backup at the same time. 

Cons 
● Combo units have a higher up-front cost than battery-powered backup units. If you recently purchased a primary pump, you might not want to replace it. 

● Like other battery-powered systems, combo units require regular battery checks and replacements every five to seven years to make sure the backup is ready when it’s needed.

Choosing the right submersible pump is crucial for ensuring efficiency and durability in various applications, from irrigation to sewage management. With so many options on the market, it can be overwhelming to decide which pump best suits your needs. This guide will walk you through the essential factors to consider when buying a submersible pump.

Understand Your Application

Different applications require specific types of submersible pumps:

· Grinder Pumps: Designed to handle solid waste and dirty water in wastewater systems.

· Well Pumps: Used to extract clean water from underground wells.

· Sewage Pumps: Ideal for draining water from basements or shallow flooding areas.

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· Utility Pumps: Versatile pumps used for general dewatering tasks.

· Irrigation Pumps: Used for agricultural and landscaping water supply.

Knowing your application ensures you choose the right pump type and specifications.

Consider Pump Capacity and Flow Rate

· Flow Rate: Measured in gallons per minute (GPM) or liters per second (L/min), this indicates how much water the pump can move.

· Head Height: Refers to the maximum height the pump can lift water, crucial for applications involving vertical pumping.

Choose a pump with sufficient capacity to meet your needs without overloading the system.

Check the Pump's Material

The material affects the pump’s durability and compatibility with different liquids:

· Stainless Steel: Ideal for corrosive environments.

· Cast Iron: Durable and suitable for heavy-duty applications.

· Plastic or Polypropylene: Lightweight and corrosion-resistant but less durable.

For abrasive or corrosive fluids, opt for high-quality, resistant materials.

Power Source and Motor Type

· Electric Pumps: Common for household and industrial use; require a stable power supply.

· Diesel or Gasoline Pumps: Suitable for remote locations without electricity.

· Solar Pumps: Eco-friendly and cost-effective for agricultural applications.

The motor's power rating should align with the pump’s capacity and intended use.

Evaluate Energy Efficiency

Energy-efficient pumps reduce operating costs and environmental impact. Look for:

· High-Efficiency Motors 

· Pumps with energy-saving certifications or ratings.

Pay Attention to Build Features

· Impeller Design: Determines the pump's ability to handle solids and prevent clogs.

· Seal Type: Mechanical seals are more durable and prevent leaks effectively.

· Cord Length: Long cords provide flexibility in installation.

Noise Level

Some submersible pumps can be noisy. If you're installing it in a residential or noise-sensitive area, choose a pump designed for quieter operation.

Maintenance and Warranty

Opt for pumps with:

Minimal maintenance requirements.

Comprehensive warranties to cover defects and repairs.

Budget and Long-Term Costs

Consider the upfront cost, but also factor in energy consumption, maintenance, and potential repair expenses.

Investing in a high-quality pump may save money in the long run.

Buy from a Trusted Supplier

Purchasing from a reputable supplier ensures you receive genuine, high-quality products with reliable support. Check reviews, certifications, and customer service options before making your purchase.

Final Thoughts

Selecting the right submersible pump requires careful evaluation of your specific needs, budget, and the pump's features. By understanding these factors, you can choose a pump that delivers optimal performance and longevity.

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